From my reading, it is well established that people use "mental shortcuts" when they have to come to conclusions quickly, bypassing rational analysis.

The only examples of thought processes given in the article are these types of mental shortcuts - intuitive answers to math problems, and "overconfidence, extreme predictions, and the planning fallacy."

Is it just me, or does the article immediately move to sweeping generalizations about all thought, implying that its conclusions: "people who were aware of their own biases were not better able to overcome them"; "intelligence seems to make things worse"; and "[e]ducation also isn’t a savior"; always apply?

My own conclusion would be to emphasize the importance of careful, rational thought when considering things that matter. My intuitive conviction is that it is the only way to defeat the biases and errors that are discussed here. And I imagine that intelligence, education, and self-knowledge are all highly relevant in that type of thinking.